Hours Of Sleep Research Articles

Adherence to sleep recommendations is associated with higher satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents

BackgroundSleep plays a crucial role in the health and well-being of adolescents; however, inadequate sleep is frequently reported in numerous countries. This current paper aimed to describe sleep duration, factors impacting sleep, consequences of insufficient sleep and satisfaction with life in Norwegian adolescents, stratified by sex and by adherence to the 8-hour sleep recommendation, and to examine potential associations between adherence to the 8-hours sleep recommendation and satisfaction with life.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using data from the Norwegian Ungdata Survey, collected in 2021. Adolescents from five Norwegian counties were included, comprising a total of 32,161 upper secondary school students. Study variables were collected through an electronic questionnaire administered during school hours and all data are anonymous. Descriptive data of sleep patterns are presented, and linear regressions were conducted adjusting for SES, perceived stress, physical activity level, over-the-counter analgesics use, grade level and screen time.Results73% of adolescents did not adhere to the 8-hours of sleep recommendation per night, with similar results for girls and boys. 64% reported tiredness at school (minimum 1–2 days weekly) and 62% reported that screen time negatively affected their ability to sleep. 23% reported that gaming affected their sleep, with a higher prevalence in boys than girls. Satisfaction with life score was 7.0 ± 1.9 points (out of 10) for the total sample, with higher scores for boys (7.3 ± 1.8 points) than girls (6.9 ± 1.9 points). Regressions revealed a positive association with satisfaction with life (B = 0.31, 95% [0.15 to 0.48]) in adolescents adhering to sleep recommendation of 8h compared to the ones not adhering to the sleep recommendation.ConclusionsMost Norwegian adolescents fail to adhere to the 8-hours of sleep recommendation and the majority feel tired at school or during activities. More than half of adolescents reported that screen time negatively affected their ability to sleep. Adhering to the sleep recommendation was associated with higher life satisfaction. Our findings highlight the importance of sufficient sleep in adolescents, while future research is needed to examine other sleep related measures on adolescents´ satisfaction with life.

Prevalence and correlates of imposter syndrome and self-esteem among medical students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Imposter syndrome (IS) and low self-esteem (SE) are common issues affecting medical students that can impact their well-being and development. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with IS and SE among medical students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, 523 medical students in years 2-6 at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, completed validated questionnaires on IS (Young Imposter Scale) and SE (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Sociodemographic factors were also collected. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze IS and SE prevalence and correlates. Five hundred twenty-three students with a mean age of 22.09 ± 1.933 participated. The prevalence of low SE and positive IS was 17.6% and 24.3%, respectively. IS and SE had a significant negative correlation (p<0.001). Several sociodemographic factors were associated with increased IS, including 2nd and 4th-year students, forced study choice, and a grade point average (GPA) of 3.0-3.49 (P<0.05). Paternal education beyond high school was associated with lower IS (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that 2nd-year students had a 3.88 times higher odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI); 2.19-6.88), and 4th-year students had a 2.37 times higher OR (95% CI; 1.40-4.02) of IS than other years. For SE, advanced academic years, forced study choice, 7+ hours of sleep, and a GPA above 3.5 were associated with higher levels (P<0.05). Negative self-appraisals were associated with lower SE, while positive attitudes were associated with higher SE (P<0.05). Our study reveals that IS and low SE are prevalent among Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, medical students. Therefore, intervention courses that address these issues in medical education at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, may be necessary to support medical students' well-being and academic success.

An empirical analysis of factors determining changes in physical exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Aim The main objective of the study was to report the changes that have taken place in the practice of physical exercise during confinement and to examine the factors that favor or detract from it. Material and methods To determine the objective, a survey was carried out in the United States during the pandemic and a sample of 511 participants was obtained. A binary logit model was used to process the data, as well as several independence tests. Results The main result of this study is the increase in the practice of physical activity of the individuals surveyed during the pandemic. Some of the elements that most influenced this increase were annual family income, education level, and eating habits, but these results are subject to change depending on the respondent’s body mass index. On the other hand, the results also show changes in physical exercise habits during the pandemic, especially in the time of the week when it is performed, and these changes are highly correlated with the use of electronic devices, hours of sleep, and physical condition of the respondents before the pandemic. Conclusion Determining the different factors that affect the practice of physical exercise during pandemic periods seems to be important to determine in which populations it is more important to act or what resources are necessary when implementing physical exercise programs in specific situations such as pandemics.

Study of Sleep Parameters on Respiratory Health and School Performance in Urban Children

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and well-being of children, affecting their physical, psychological, and cognitive development. However, research has shown that sleep problems in children are increasingly prevalent, impacting their health and quality of life. Objective: To study the impact of sleep parameters on respiratory illnesses and school performance among children of age group 3 to 15 years. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire, in which 300 parents were asked about their children’s sleeping behaviours, as well as about the details of respiratory illness and school functioning. The children's growth parameters were also recorded. Results: 97% of children with early bedtimes (before 10 PM) were found to be more attentive in the class and 83.7% of them had a lower risk of respiratory illness than 82.2% and 52% children with of late bedtimes consecutively (P&lt;0.004). 93.9% of children with night sleep duration of &gt;8 hours, were more attentive and 69.5% of them had a lesser frequency of respiratory illnesses than 78.7% and 53.7% of those with night sleep of &lt;8 hours (P&lt;0.001). The most frequent cause of abnormal sleep behaviour was late-night screen use (25.7%), leading to overweight/obesity in the study population. Conclusion: Children with late bedtime, &lt;8 hours of night sleep, sleep latency &gt;30 minutes, and waking up difficulties had a higher risk of respiratory illnesses and poor school performance. Educating parents and teachers in early identification and correction of children with sleep disorders is very vital.

Epidemiological Assessment of Factors Associated with Myopia in Medical Students

Relevance. Myopia in students can lead to various problems with vision and affect quality of life and academic achievement. Aim. To analyze factors associated with the presence of myopia among medical students to develop effective methods of prevention of this disease. Materials and methods. A non-anonymous questionnaire was conducted on myopia among medical students of the first to sixth year. The questionnaire was developed based on the analysis of published data and included the demographic information, questions concerning the medical history, family history and lifestyle. The questionnaire data were supplemented with information from recording medical forms No. 025 «Medical records of patients receiving outpatient care». The data of 323 medical students were analyzed. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each factor were calculated. Results. The median age of students was 21 years [Q1–Q3 = 19–23], min age = 17 years, max = 31 years. According to the ophthalmologist's examination, 68.7% of students had myopia (95% CI 63.4–73.7). Healthy weight and underweight were associated with the presence of myopia compared to those who are overweight or obese: aOR 2.433 (95% CI 1.096–5.403, p = 0.029) and aOR 2.774 (95% CI 1.231–6.253, p = 0.014), respectively. The presence of 8-hour sleep is associated with a decrease in the chances of having myopia by 2,321 times (aOR 0.431; 95% CI 0.190–0.979; p = 0.044). A large number of steps per day was associated with the absence of myopia. Those who walk 10,000 steps or more per day are 7.46 times less likely to have myopia than those who walk less than 2,000 steps per day. Conclusion. We report a high prevalence of myopia in medical students. The findings suggest that health promotion, including adequate sleep and regular physical activity, can be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence or progression of myopia and other eye complications.

Effects of hours of sleep on ImPACT concussion testing: comparing baseline with postinjury scores.

The influence of sleep on baseline and postconcussion neurocognitive performance prior to Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is poorly understood. Since ImPACT is widely used in youth sport to assess neurocognitive performance before and after head injury, it is important to delineate factors that affect testing performance. While some have reported correlations between fewer hours of sleep and lower scores on baseline tests, others have not observed any such associations. Therefore, the authors sought to compare the relationship between sleep and neurocognitive performance on ImPACT at both baseline and postinjury. The authors queried a database of 25,815 ImPACT tests taken from 2009 to 2019 by athletes aged 12-22 years. There were 11,564 baseline concussion tests and 7446 postinjury concussion ImPACT tests used in the analysis. Linear regression was used to model the effect of sleep on baseline and postconcussion ImPACT scores adjusting for sex, age, learning disability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, number of prior concussions, number of games missed, and strenuous exercise before testing. Mean composite scores expectedly were all significantly lower in the post-head injury group compared with the baseline group. In the multivariable analysis, at baseline, hours of sleep significantly affected symptom scores (β = -1.050, 95% CI -1.187 to -0.9138; p < 0.0001). In the postinjury multivariable analysis, verbal memory (β = 0.4595, 95% CI 0.2080-0.7110; p = 0.0003), visual memory (β = 0.3111, 95% CI 0.04463-0.5777; p = 0.0221), impulse control (β = -0.2321, 95% CI -0.3581 to -0.1062; p = 0.0003), and symptom scores (β = -0.9168, 95% CI -1.259 to -0.5750; p < 0.0001) were all affected by hours of sleep. Hours of sleep did not alter neurocognitive metrics at baseline but did have an impact on post-head injury metrics. These findings suggest that individuals may be able to compensate for lack of sleep at baseline but not immediately after concussion. Concussions may reduce cognitive reserve or detract from the brain's resources, making sleep even more important for proper neurocognitive functioning postconcussion. Future work will analyze the effects of sleep on postconcussion test performance.

Deglutition dynamics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

In the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of deglutitive dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a methodology developed by Sato etal. We hypothesized that the frequency of deglutition would decrease with increasing severity of OSA. The aim of this study is to clarify the involvement of deglutitive dynamics during sleep in OSA by investigating the correlations between deglutition and sleep parameters. This study included 30 adult patients with OSA. To analyze deglutition dynamics during sleep, surface electromyography recordings of the suprahyoid and thyrohyoid neck muscles, which are involved in deglutition, were performed simultaneous with conventional polysomnography. The "index of deglutition" was defined as the frequency of deglutition per hour of sleep. We examined correlations between this index and sleep parameters (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], apnea index, hypopnea index, and lowest blood oxygen saturation). By analyzing the obtained polysomnography and electromyography waveforms, we identified two deglutition patterns with and without respiratory arousal during sleep. We found a significant negative correlation between the index of deglutition in sleep stage 1 and the AHI, with a correlation coefficient of -0.48. (p=0.02). In the current study, we distinguished deglutition during sleep with and without arousal. In addition we discovered a significant negative correlation between the index of deglutition in sleep stage 1 and the AHI. This new finding will provide a platform for future research on OSA in aspiration pneumonia.

Sleep duration and consumption of ultra-processed foods among Brazilian adolescents

BackgroundSleep duration influences the dietary pattern and quality of life of adolescents and is associated with increased ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among those with inadequate sleep duration, which may be related to the increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and high blood pressure in this age group. Thus, the study objective was to verify the association between sleep duration and UPF intake among Brazilian adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). MethodsCross-sectional study using ERICA data, conducted between March 2013 and December 2014 with adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from public and private schools in Brazilian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. UPF consumption was obtained by recording a 24-hour food diary and was used as the outcome variable (in grams). The sleep duration was obtained through a questionnaire, stratified into recommended sleep duration (eight to 10 hours) and inadequate sleep duration (less than 8 hours and more than 10 hours). Linear regression was performed to verify the association between sleep duration and UPF consumption. The analyses were carried out using Stata. Results66,791 adolescents were included in the study, 55.94% of whom had inadequate sleep duration. Regardless of sleep duration, male adolescents had a higher average UPF consumption, as did adolescents in the 14-15 age group, who belong to the high socioeconomic score. Adolescents who slept less than 8 or more than 10 hours a night (inadequate sleep duration) showed an increase in UPF consumption compared to adolescents who complied with the recommended hours of sleep (37.20 (22.64 – 51.76). ConclusionThe results show the importance of healthy lifestyle habits, such as adequate sleep duration and healthy eating, for health promotion. Food and Nutrition Education actions in schools are recommended to warn about the harm of inadequate sleep time and excessive UPF consumption.

Influence of lifestyle on academic performance in basic cycle medical students

Objective: To investigate the influence of lifestyle on academic performance in basic cycle medical students. Methods: The study involved applying two instruments to 51 medical students to identify cognitive function and lifestyle habits, as well as the level of physical activity through an international questionnaire. Results: No direct correlations were found between cognitive function and physical activity. Significant correlations were identified between participants' age and average correct answers in the Dissertation Cognitive Assessment (DCA) (r=0.4, p=0.01), extracurricular study days and average correct answers in the DCA (r=0.4, p=0.006), out-of-class study hours and average correct answers in the DCA (r=0.4, p=0.006), and between hours of sleep and days of alcohol consumption in the month (r=-0.6, p=0.000). Conclusion: The findings suggest that older students and those who spend more time studying outside the classroom exhibit better academic performance. Furthermore, a lifestyle with higher frequency of alcohol consumption is associated with reduced hours of sleep. These elements are fundamental to understanding and improving learning strategies and well-being of medical students.

The Interplay of Sleep Quality, Mental Health, and Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors among Italian College Freshmen.

Background/Objectives: Sleep and mental health are closely linked, with sleep deprivation increasing the risk of mental health problems in college students. This study aimed to analyze the role of sleep in the mental health status of a sample of Italian freshmen, considering various mental health outcomes and potential interactions between sleep and other relevant factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, academic experiences, and mental health history. Methods: All freshmen from a medium-sized Italian university were invited to participate in a multidimensional online survey (n = 3756). Sleep quality was assessed through questions on average hours of sleep per night and on satisfaction of perceived sleep quality. Mental health outcomes included psychophysical well-being, psychological distress, substance use, and problematic internet use. Statistical analysis involved multivariate analysis of variance, followed by pairwise comparisons. Results: The sample (n = 721) exhibited low levels of well-being and a high prevalence of psychological distress (52.1%). Approximately one-third of students (n = 258) were dissatisfied with their sleep quality, and one-fourth (n = 186) reported inadequate sleep (less than 7 h per night). More specifically, 24.4% of students slept on average six hours per night, and 1.4% slept five hours or less. Satisfaction with perceived sleep quality significantly influenced well-being, psychological distress, and cannabis use (ηp2 = 0.02). Interaction effects were observed between satisfaction with sleep quality and drop-out intentions (ηp2 = 0.01), as well as between satisfaction with sleep quality and history of mental health diagnosis (ηp2 = 0.02), both of which were significant for psychological distress and cannabis use. Conclusions: This study highlights the influence of perceived sleep quality on academic distress among college freshmen, particularly those with higher intentions of leaving university and with a history of mental health diagnosis.

Too little or too much: nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and daily affective well-being in depressed adults

BackgroundIn addition to having higher negative affect and lower positive affect overall, depressed individuals exhibit heightened affective reactivity to external stimuli than non-depressed individuals. Sleep may contribute to day-to-day fluctuations in depressed individuals, given that sleep disturbance is a common symptom of depression. Yet, little is known about changes in daily affect as a function of nightly sleep duration in depressed adults and non-depressed adults. The current study examined whether and how naturally-occurring sleep duration is associated with negative and positive affect, and how these associations differ between depressed vs. non-depressed adults.MethodsData were drawn from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE), a daily diary project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. The sample of 2,012 adults (Mage=56.5; 57% female; 84% white) completed eight-day diary interviews via telephone on their daily experiences including nightly sleep duration and negative and positive affect. They also completed assessments of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short form, and depressed status was determined based on DSM-III. Multilevel regression models with linear, quadratic, and cubic terms of sleep duration examined the nonlinear relationship between nightly sleep duration and daily affect. Interaction terms with depression status were added to examine differences between depressed and non-depressed adults.ResultsDepressed adults exhibited significant and greater fluctuations in daily affect as a function of nightly sleep duration than non-depressed adults. Specifically, the degree of decrease in positive affect and increase in negative affect was greater when depressed adults slept 2 or more hours less or longer than their usual sleep hours. Non-depressed adults exhibited relatively stable daily affect regardless of their nightly sleep hours.ConclusionsSleep duration is nonlinearly associated with affect in daily lives of depressed adults, highlighting that both having too little sleep and excessive sleep are associated with adverse daily affective well-being. Implementing sleep interventions to promote an appropriate sleep duration may help improve daily affect among depressed adults.

0374 Dimensions of Sleep Health and Mood Disorders in Middle Eastern/North African Women

Abstract Introduction Insomnia symptoms are a common sleep disturbance during midlife. However, emerging evidence suggests that midlife women also experience increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea and short sleep duration. Cohorts of women in midlife have mostly included white women, despite suspected sleep health disparities among women from underrepresented racial and ethnic backgrounds. To address this gap, we conducted a pilot study that examined sleep health among women from Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) ancestry. Methods This pilot study enrolled 77 women aged 40-60y from MENA ancestry, recruited mostly from Michigan. Women provided demographic, lifestyle, sleep and health information through interviews with structured and validated questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was evaluated using the STOP questionnaire+BMI and a subset of the women was tested with Watch-PAT, a one-night home sleep apnea testing device (OSA diagnosis, apnea-hypopnea index pAHI3%&amp;gt;5/h). The menopause rating scale was used to collect data on psychological and physiological symptoms. Results Mean age of women was 48y±5 years and mean BMI was 27.6±5 kg/cm2. Anxiety, irritability, and depression symptoms were identified in 33%, 25% and 31% of women. Half reported trouble falling asleep within 30 minutes, and 73% experienced nocturnal and early morning awakenings three or more times per week. Most women (75%) were aware of adequate sleep recommendations, but 54% reported short sleep duration, &amp;lt; 6 hours, and 30% reported &amp;lt; 5 hours of sleep per night. A STOP+BMI score ≥3 was observed in 20% of women. Twenty women were tested for OSA and 75% had it (mean pAHI3%=12.6/h). Moderate and severe OSA was apparent among 20% and 10% of the 20 women. Concurrent OSA and insomnia symptoms were observed among 40% of women. The odds ratio of insomnia were 9-fold and 3-fold for women with depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusion We found a high burden of poor sleep and sleep disorders among midlife women from MENA ancestry. Moreover, poor sleep was associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, raising the possibility that efforts to improve sleep health could benefit the mental health of these women as well. Support (if any)

Twenty-four hour physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep profiles in adults living with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional latent class analysis

BackgroundRheumatoid Arthritis (RA), an autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease, affects more than 17 million people globally. People with RA have higher risk of premature mortality; often experience chronic fatigue, pain and disrupted sleep; and are less physically active and more sedentary than healthy counterparts. It remains unclear how people with RA may balance sleep and awake movement activities over 24-hours, or how differences in 24-hour behaviours may be associated with determinants of health, or alignment with published activity guidelines.MethodsCross-sectional exploration of objective measures of 24-hour sleep-wake activities in 203 people with RA. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) derived classes from time, by tertile, in six sleep-awake activities over 24 h. Comparisons of model fit statistics, class separation and interpretability defined best fit for number of classes. Variations in sleep-awake behaviour across classes and association of profile allocation with determinants of health, quality metrics for sleep, sitting and walking and alignment with published guidelines were explored. Multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with likelihood of profile allocation.ResultsLCA identified 2 to 6 classes and a 4-class model was determined as best fit for 24-hour sleep-awake behaviour profiles. One profile (26%) presented with more balanced 24-hour sleep, sitting and walking behaviours. The other three profiles demonstrated progressively less balanced 24-hour behaviours including: having low (< 7 h), high (> 8 h), or recommended (7–8 h) sleep duration in respective combination with high sitting (> 10 h), limited walking (< 3 h) or both when awake. Age, existing sitting and walking habit strength and fatigue were associated with likelihood of belonging to different profiles. More balanced 24-hour behaviour was aligned with better quality metrics for sleep, sitting and walking and published guidelines.DiscussionFor people living with RA it is important to understand the ‘whole person’ and their ‘whole day’ to define who may benefit from support to modify 24-hour sleep-awake behaviours and which behaviours to modify. Supports should be informed by an understanding of personal or health-related factors that could act as barriers or facilitators for behavioural change, including exploring existing habitual sitting and walking behaviours.Trial registrationsClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02554474 (2015-09-16) and ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03404245 (2018-01-11)

Factors Affecting Abdominal Obesity: Analyzing National Data.

The purpose of this study is to understand the factors affecting abdominal obesity. A secondary data analysis was conducted to analyze 5262 individuals' data from the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence of obesity was slightly higher in men than women, while abdominal obesity was more prevalent in women. A higher correlation with obesity was observed in young and middle-aged individuals, unmarried individuals, urban residents, those with good subjective health, low-stress perception, moderate alcohol consumption, nonsmokers, regular aerobic exercisers, and those getting more than seven hours of sleep. In contrast, middle-aged and elderly individuals, married individuals, rural residents, those with an elementary school or lower education level, those with low-to-moderate income, those with fair or poor subjective health, high stress perception, nondrinkers, smokers, nonregular aerobic exercisers, and those getting less than seven hours of sleep had a higher correlation with abdominal obesity. Health education suggests that everyone should maintain healthy lifestyle habits, such as getting sufficient sleep, exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate drinking. Specifically, diverse health management support focusing on population groups with demographic factors related to the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity is necessary.

Poor Self-Rated Sleep Quality and Quantity Associated with Poor Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Indigenous Australian Adults.

Indigenous Australians score worse on both sleep and oral health. This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and quantity associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Indigenous Australian adults. A cross-sectional study involving 728 Indigenous Australian adults aged 18+ years was conducted. Exposure variables were sleep quality and quantity. The primary outcome variable was Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14), which has been used to assess OHRQoL. Multivariable log-Poisson regression models were applied to estimate the mean ratios (MRs) for mean OHIP14 scores. The average OHIP14 score was 14.9, and the average amount of sleep was 6.8 h/night. After adjusting for all covariates, self-rated very bad sleep quality was associated with 2.2 times (MR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.97-2.37) higher OHIP14 scores than those who rated their sleep quality as very good. Participants who self-reported sleeping 7-8 h/night had 0.9 times (MR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.83-0.95) lower OHIP14 scores than those sleeping more than 8 h. The average number of sleep hours for Indigenous participants were lower than recommended (7-8 h/night). Our findings indicate that poor sleep quality and quantity, and oral health-related behaviours associated with sleep deprivation were positively associated with poor oral health related quality of life among Indigenous Australian adults.

Sleep duration time and human papillomavirus infection risk: The U-shaped relationship revealed by NHANES data.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep factors (sleep duration time [SDT] and obstructive sleep apnea [OSA]) and human papillomavirus (HPV)/high-risk HPV(HR-HPV) infection, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES data, focusing on SDT and OSA's association with HPV/HR-HPV infection. The primary statistical methods included weighted multivariate linear regression and logistic regression to assess the association between SDT, OSA, and HPV/HR-HPV infection. The study employed restricted cubic splines (RCS) for evaluating potential non-linear relationships between SDT and HPV/HR-HPV infection. Subgroup analyses were conducted. Interaction terms were used to examine the heterogeneity in associations across different subgroups. The study identified a U-shaped relationship between SDT and HPV infection. Specifically, 7 hours of sleep was associated with the lowest risk of HPV infection. In comparison, SDT less than 7 hours resulted in a 26.3% higher risk of HPV infection (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.029, 1.549), and more than 9 hours of sleep showed a 57.4% increased risk (OR = 1.574, 95% CI: 1.116, 2.220). The relationship between SDT and HR-HPV infection was significant in the first two models, but not in the fully adjusted model. No significant interaction was found between sleep duration and other covariates. There was no association between OSA and HPV/HR-HPV infection. The study underscores the complex relationship between sleep duration and HPV infection risk, suggesting both very short and very long sleep durations may increase HPV infection likelihood. The findings highlight the need for further research to explore the biological mechanisms underpinning this association and to consider broader population groups and more precise sleep assessment methods in future studies.

Longitudinal change in symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic among Mexican college students.

Longitudinal studies suggest the psychological difficulties precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic have gradually declined, but our understanding of the factors that predict change in mental health is limited. We evaluated the mental health of Mexican college students during the early stage of the pandemic and 4 months later, as well as predictors of change in students' mental health. Participants were 648 students (71% women, Mage = 21.46) from a private University in Northern Mexico who completed online surveys from May 2020 to September 2020. Students' self-reported levels of mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder) significantly decreased from May to September. Poor physical health, more COVID-related worry and higher initial levels of peer social support predicted less change in psychological symptoms. On the other hand, more hours of sleep per night and a pre-existing mental health diagnosis predicted steeper decreases in symptoms. Findings suggest reductions in mental health difficulties that are consistent with theoretical frameworks of resilience among Mexican college students. In addition, results underscore the interplay between physical, psychological and social functioning, and the need for continued monitoring of mental health and intervention efforts that address physical health, sleep and pandemic-related worry in University settings.

How our longitudinal employment patterns might shape our health as we approach middle adulthood-US NLSY79 cohort.

Recent labor market transformations brought on by digital and technological advances, together with the rise of the service economy since the 1980s, have subjected more workers to precarious conditions, such as irregular work hours and low or unpredictable wages, threatening their economic well-being and health. This study advances our understanding of the critical role employment plays in our health by examining how employment patterns throughout our working lives, based on work schedules, may shape our health at age 50, paying particular attention to the moderating role of social position. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1979 (NLSY79), which has collected 30+ years of longitudinal information, was used to examine how employment patterns starting at ages 22 (n ≈ 7,336) might be associated with sleep hours and quality, physical and mental functions, and the likelihood of reporting poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50. Sequence analysis found five dominant employment patterns between ages 22 and 49: "mostly not working" (10%), "early standard hours before transitioning into mostly variable hours" (12%), "early standard hours before transitioning into volatile schedules" (early ST-volatile, 17%), "mostly standard hours with some variable hours" (35%), and "stable standard hours" (26%). The multiple regression analyses indicate that having the "early ST-volatile" schedule pattern between ages 22 and 49 was consistently, significantly associated with the poorest health, including the fewest hours of sleep per day, the lowest sleep quality, the lowest physical and mental functions, and the highest likelihood of reporting poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50. In addition, social position plays a significant role in these adverse health consequences. For example, whereas non-Hispanic White women reported the most hours of sleep and non-Hispanic Black men reported the fewest, the opposite was true for sleep quality. In addition, non-Hispanic Black men with less than a high school education had the highest likelihood of reporting poor health at age 50 if they engaged in an employment pattern of "early ST-volatile" between ages 22 and 49. In comparison, non-Hispanic White men with a college degree or above education had the lowest likelihood of reporting poor health if they engaged in an employment pattern of stable standard hours. This analysis underscores the critical role of employment patterns in shaping our daily routines, which matter to sleep and physical and mental health as we approach middle adulthood. Notably, the groups with relatively disadvantaged social positions are also likely to be subject to nonstandard work schedules, including non-Hispanic Blacks and people with low education; hence, they were more likely than others to shoulder the harmful links between nonstandard work schedules and sleep and health, worsening their probability of maintaining and nurturing their health as they approach middle adulthood.

Analysis of Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Stroke Complicated by Hypertension in China Using the EQ-5D-3L Scale.

To evaluate the health-related quality of life(HRQoL)status of elderly patients with hypertensive stroke, to understand the factors influencing it, and to provide a basis for the development of health intervention policies. This study used the EQ-5D-3L scale to assess the HRQoL among elderly patients who experienced a stroke related to high blood pressure. Various analytical methods were employed to examine the factors that influenced the patient's quality of life. Univariate analysis, Tobit regression, random forest, and XGBoost models were applied to analyze the HRQoL of the patients. Furthermore, to interpret the machine learning results, the SHAP method was utilized. This method involved assessing the importance of each feature, examining the effect of each feature on the prediction result of a single sample, and determining the impact of individual features on the overall prediction. The study found that the median health utility value for elderly patients with hypertensive stroke was 0.427, with an interquartile range of 0.186 to 0.745. The results of the Tobit regression model, Random Forest, and XGBoost model were compared. The results of the model evaluation show that the performance of the machine learning model and the Tobit regression model are not very different. The XGBoost model performs slightly better relative to the random forest model. The factors that strongly influenced the health utility value of patients included BMI, social activities, smoking, education level, alcohol consumption, urban/rural residence, annual income, physical activity level, and hours of sleep at night. Health-related quality of life in hypertensive stroke patients is influenced by a variety of factors. Health-related quality of life can be positively influenced by modifying these factors and making lifestyle adjustments. Maintaining a healthy weight, being socially active, quitting smoking, improving living conditions, increasing physical activity levels and getting enough sleep are recommended. Lifestyle changes need to be developed for each individual on a case-by-case basis and by medical advice.

Who knows how much kids are sleeping? And why it matters

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, children from the ages of 6 to 12 should be getting 9–12 hours of sleep every night (Paruthi et al., 2016). However, many children are not getting enough sleep. The National Survey of Children's Health found that 38.4% of 6–12‐year‐olds in the United States had short sleep duration according to parental report (Wheaton &amp; Claussen, 2021). This sleep deficit may increase with age, as the CDC found that around six in 10 middle schoolers and seven in 10 high schoolers self‐report not getting the recommended amount of sleep on school nights (Wheaton et al., 2018). In addition to age, this difference in the percentage of kids with insufficient sleep may also be due to the differences in informant between those two surveys. One study found that while both children and parents overestimated total sleep time compared with the polysomnography, the child report was slightly more accurate (Combs et al., 2019).